Shigeru Yamago,
Takashi Shiraki,
and
Yukio Sugiura*,
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Shigeru Yamago,
Takashi Shiraki,
and
Yukio Sugiura*,
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Articles
General and Physical
=============================
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-Cyclodextrin, Studied by Pulse Radiolysis
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Akira Watanabe, and
Kunio Mochida
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Hideki Mizobe,
Hiroshi Kawano,
Yoshinori Nibu,
Hiroko Shimada,*
and
Ryoichi Shimada
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Articles
Analitical and Inorganic
=============================
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-bpym)(dbbq)2
] vs. [{Co(dbbq)2
}2
(
-bpym)] (bpym=2,2'
-bipyrimidine; dbbq=3,6-di-
t
-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone)
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and
Youn Soo Sohn
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Articles
Orgainc and Biological
=============================
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and
Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi*
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-Sheet Polypeptide Containing Catalytic Triads in a Serine Protease
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Mizue Fujio,*,
and
Yuho Tsuno
,
-Dibenzyl-
-butyrolactone Lignans by Diastereoselective Reduction of
-Benzylidene-
-benzyl-
-butyrolactones Using NaBH4
-NiCl2
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Toshikazu Miyagishima,
Hiroshi Ohmizu,*
and
Tameo Iwasaki*,
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-Methylene-
-lactone Using Intramolecular Cyclization of
-Trimethylsilylmethyl-
,
-Unsaturated Ester with Cyclic Ketone
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*
-
*
Conjugation and a Low-Lying LUMO as the Origin of the Unusual Optical Properties of 3,3'
,4,4'
-Tetraphenyl-2,2'
-bisilole
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,
-Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes with Arylantimony Compounds
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Takayoshi Yamauchi,
and
Sakae Uemura*
=============================
Articles
Applied and Materials
=============================
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,,
and
Kunihiro Ichimura
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and
Yuzuru Takagi
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and
Takashi Nakamura
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Copyright (C) 1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
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Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2131-2142 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Encapsulation of one or more metals insides hollow fullerene cages is of current interest as new spherical molecules are formed. Recent progress in the production and isolation in macroscopic quantities has made it possible to investigate the interesting properties and reactivities. Theoretical and experimental studies are summarized to show what are known or still unknown for the future material, catalytic, and biological applications.
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=============================
Headline Articles
=============================
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2143-2151 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Shigeru Yamago,
Takashi Shiraki,
and
Yukio Sugiura*,
Two classes of water-soluble fullerence derivatives, detergent- and sphere-types, were evaluated for their photo-induced DNA cleaving activity, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and enzyme inhibitory activity against several proteases including HIV protease.
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=============================
Articles
General and Physical
=============================
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2153-2157 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The transition from the bubble state to the mainly non-Ps state takes place between -40 and -110 °C. This phenomena can be explained by the ideas of the ``fourth positron state'' and the ``squeezed Ps state'' proposed by O. E. Mogensen. I measured the effects of varying the surface tension, the dielectric constant, and the temperature. The results of these experiments confirmed these models.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2159-2162 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The electrochemical reduction of N2 O to N2 on gas-diffusion electrodes modified by Pt or Ni electrocatalysts at room temperature was studied. The faradaic efficiency of the reduction of N2 O was 100%, even for a low concentration of N2 O gas at a low current density.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2163-2166 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
-Cyclodextrin, Studied by Pulse Radiolysis
The one-electron reduction of 4-biphenylcarboxylate and 4-biphenylsulfonate by the hydrated electron is effectively retarded by the 1 : 2 complexation with
-cyclodextrin (
-CD). No apparent effect of
-CD was observed on the one-electron reduction of 4-biphenylacetate, demonstrating that the methylene group sterically inhibits the formation of the 1 : 2 complex.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2167-2171 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Akira Watanabe, and
Kunio Mochida
Electron transfer from cyclic germanium compounds to photoexcited C60 in benzonitrile solution has been confirmed by observing the decay of T C60 * and rise of C60 -. transient bands in the near-IR region immediately after 532-nm laser photolysis.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2173-2178 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The diffusion behavior of NaNO3 from a porous silica sphere into a solution of NaCl was found to be very sensitive to the cross diffusion term when the concentration ratio of NaCl to NaNO3 was high. The diffusion behavior of NaCl, KNO3 , and KI from the inside to the outside of the sphere was also examined. Theoretical equations to analyze the cross diffusion flows of interacting particles were derived. The cross diffusion coefficient of NaNO3 and NaCl as well as the diffusion coefficients of NaNO3 , NaCl, KNO3 , and KI in the porous silica were evaluated from the present experimental results. The obtained diffusion coefficients were found to be about one third of those in solution.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2179-2183 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Hideki Mizobe,
Hiroshi Kawano,
Yoshinori Nibu,
Hiroko Shimada,*
and
Ryoichi Shimada
The hydration and pressure effects on the inter- and intramolecular vibrations of tetramethylpyrazine crystals indicate that the crystals undergo phase transitions under about 1.2 and 2.2 GPa. The hydration causes some changes of electron distribution which strengthen the chemical bonds of the pyrazine ring and weaken the bonds in the methyl group.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2185-2189 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The branching ratios for the production of CdH(CdD) in the reactions of Cd(53P1 ) and Cd(53P0 ) with H2 (D2 ) were determined by using a laser excitation-depletion technique. The ratios were J independent, and were determined to be 0.81 ± 0.04 for H2 and 0.76 ± 0.06 for D2 .
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2191-2194 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The excitation and emission spectra of the tungstates and molybdate were analyzed by a configurational coordination model. E0 , the energy level of the excited triplet state and reorganization energies at the ground state and the triplet state were determined for these salts.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2195-2199 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
A super configuration-interaction method has been formulated and tested for the direct calculation of orthogonal localized molecular orbitals. This method has been designed for the calculation of the electronic structures of macromolecules; also, its iterative procedure has been proven to converge quadratically, while retaining the initial forms of the localized orbitals.
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=============================
Articles
Analitical and Inorganic
=============================
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2201-2209 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The hyperfine couplings and nuclear quadrupole interactions of the coordinating nitrogens of the title complexes were determined by powder ENDOR. Based on these data and EPR analysis, the pliability to rhombic distortion, the ligand field effects on the spin distribution and other features of the electronic structure of trigonal bipyramidal copper complexes were clarified.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2211-2214 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
-bpym)(dbbq)2
] vs. [{Co(dbbq)2
}2
(
-bpym)] (bpym=2,2'
-bipyrimidine; dbbq=3,6-di-
t
-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone)
and
Youn Soo Sohn
The mononuclear complex [Co(
-bpym)(dbbq)2
] exists as a mixture of Co(III) and Co(II) redox isomers dependent on the temperature in the solid state. In striking contrast, the binuclear complex [{Co(dbbq)2
}2
(
-bpym)] is locked in a charge distribution of [{CoII
(dbsq)2
}2
(
-bpym)] when the temperature is 100-400 K.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2215-2220 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
In conductometric titrations with Et3
N in DMF, although phosphoric acid or phenyl dihydrogenphosphate (PhOPO(OH)2
) gave a maximum at the half-equivalence point, diphenyl hydrogenphosphate ((PhO)2
PO(OH)) did not. The appearance of the maximum was explained by homoconjugation between an acid (HA) and the conjugate anion (A-
) upon neutralization with the base (B) in DMF: B+2HA
BH+...HA2-
.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2221-2230 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The structure of [(Boc-Cys1 -Pro-Leu-Cys4 -Gly-Ala-OMe)Hg], 1 , in solution was studied by XAFS, NMR, RMD, and molecular dynamics. The linear coordinate mercury (Hg2+ ) controls the peptide conformation so as to take a new type of turn structure.
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=============================
Articles
Orgainc and Biological
=============================
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2231-2234 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
and
Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi*
The thermodynamic parameters for binding of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide with bovine hemoglobin have been investigated by using the Wyman binding potential and median ligand activity concepts. The unusual shape of the Scatchard plot at 300 K was interpreted by considering the electrostatic and hydrophobic binding sets and the free energy of binding has been resolved to electrostatic and hydrophobic free energies of interaction, 
G
Gelec, Ghyd, 
80
predominant unfolding occurres and Gelec, Ghyd,
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2235-2242 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The treatment of dihalomethane derivatives, chloroform, or sodium trichloroacetate with elemental selenium in the presence of NaH and an amine at 80-130 °C or under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature gave the corresponding selenoamides or seleoureas in modest yields.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2243-2248 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline N -oxide cycloadded with trifluoro-2-butenoate to give a mixture of 1,10b-cis - and -trans -cycloadducts in a ratio of 3 : 1, and with 2-butenoate to afford the 1,10b-cis -cycloadduct exclusively. The stereoselectivity in the cycloadditions was reproduced by calculations of the transition structures by the PM3 method.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2249-2252 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (CHL-o ) reacted with N ,N' -dicyclohexyl-1,2-ethane-, and p -xylenediimine to give a transient condensation product, which underwent a [4+2 ] cycloaddition reaction. N ,N' -Diaryl-1,2-ethane- and p -xylenediimines and led to production of substituted CHL-o , followed by a [4+2 ] cycloaddition reaction.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2253-2263 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
A variety of contemporary conformational searching techniques and three widely available and consistently used hydrocarbon force fields were used to probe the three-dimensional space of the conformationally-rich and functionally diverse potent ichthyotoxins collectively named ``prymnesins''.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2265-2268 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
(2-Mercaptoethyl)amino-attached cyclodextrin provides a highly enantioselective environment during the transformation of phenylglyoxal into (S
)-mandelic acid, although simple inclusion into native
-,
-, and
-cyclodextrins and 2-hydroxypropyl and methyl variants is not sufficient to cause appreciable asymmetric induction.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2269-2274 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
-Sheet Polypeptide Containing Catalytic Triads in a Serine Protease
Poly(Asp-Leu-His-Leu-Ser-Leu) with a -sheet structure has more effective catalytic activity and higher enantioselectivity than the peptide hexamer. The hydrolytic properties were affected by the secondary structural content of the polypeptide.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2275-2279 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Mizue Fujio,*,
and
Yuho Tsuno
Steric hindrance of the exocyclic substituents R1 and R2 cause variations in charge distribution in the cation, leading to considerable changes in geometry of the ring and in consequence in its aromatic character. The changes in aromaticity are mostly due to geometric terms, i.e. alternation of the bond lengths.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2281-2286 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
,
-Dibenzyl-
-butyrolactone Lignans by Diastereoselective Reduction of
-Benzylidene-
-benzyl-
-butyrolactones Using NaBH4
-NiCl2
Toshikazu Miyagishima,
Hiroshi Ohmizu,*
and
Tameo Iwasaki*,
trans
-
,
-Dibenzyl-
-butyrolactones (
1
) were synthesized by stereoselective reduction of
-benzylidenelactones (
3
). The reduction is found to proceed via conjugate addition of hydride and stereoselective protonation of the resulting enolate (
2
). The stereoselectivity would be brought about by conformational rigidity of the phenyl moiety of the
-benzyl group induced by 1,3-allylic strain.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2287-2295 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The titled salts
1
were synthesized in pure form by the direct fluorination of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in the presence of a Br
nsted acid, or fluorination followed by a counteranion replacement reaction, and were demonstrated to serve as widely applicable fluorinating agents.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2297-2303 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
-Methylene-
-lactone Using Intramolecular Cyclization of
-Trimethylsilylmethyl-
,
-Unsaturated Ester with Cyclic Ketone
-Methylene-
-lactones fused to a perhydronaphthalene carbon framework, model compounds of cadinanolides, were synthesized by fluoride-promoted intramolecular cyclization of
-(ethoxycarbonyl)allylsilane with cyclic ketone followed by lactonization. It was found that both Lewis acid- and fluoride-promoted cyclizations gave a trans
-decaline system mainly.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2305-2308 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The effects of carbodiimide on hemolysis of human erythrocytes were examined. On the basis of data concerning the ion transport and cross-linking of membrane proteins, we have found that high-pressure-, or heat-induced hemolysis, compared with osmotic hemolysis, is suppressed by a stabilization of the cytoskeletal network.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2309-2316 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The general synthesis of methyl 2-[(Z )-1-amino-1-alkenyl]oxazole-4-carboxylates was accomplished. Furthermore, the practical synthesis of the common main dehydropentapeptide constituting thiostrepton macrocyclic peptide antibiotics, A10255G and J, was first done.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2317-2325 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Sodium arenesulfinates are oxidized with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrates to generate sulfonyl radicals, which add to olefinic compounds to afford sulfonylated products in good yield. Diphenylphosphinyl radical is also generated by treating diphenylphosphine oxide with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate and reacts with olefinic compounds, giving phosphinylated products.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2327-2334 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
*
-*
Conjugation and a Low-Lying LUMO as the Origin of the Unusual Optical Properties of 3,3'
,4,4'
-Tetraphenyl-2,2'
-bisilole
Theoretical calculations on the electronic structure of a parent 2,2'
-bisilole in comparison with its carbon analog, 1,1'
-bi-1,3-cyclopentadiene, reveals that the origin of the unusually long UV-vis absorption maximum of 3,3'
,4,4'
-tetraphenyl-2,2'
-bisilole is ascribed to a low-lying LUMO arising from the *
-*
conjugation enhanced by structural distortions.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2335-2340 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
We newly prepared a polyion complex of DNA with lipoglutamide 2EO4 C6 N+ . The DNA/2EO4 C6 N+ complex showed high solubility in water, low cytotoxicity, and uptake efficiency into tumor cells, compared with the DNA complex without tetraethyleneglycol.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2341-2348 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
,
-Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes with Arylantimony Compounds
Triarylstibines react with
,
-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes in acetic acid in the presence of Pd(OAc)2
(catalytic) and AgOAc to afford the conjugate addition products in good yields, while diarylantimony chlorides, arylantimony dichlorides and diphenylantimony acetate react similarly, even in the absence of AgOAc, to afford the same products in higher yields.
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2349-2354 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The reaction of 1,3-benzodithiole-2-thione with 2-carboxybenzenediazonium chloride gives the sulfonium salt 7 , which is converted to trithiocin derivatives, such as 22 .
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2355-2359 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
The title compounds underwent homolytic cleavage of the central C-C bond on applying pressure in the solid state. The reactivity depended on the substituents on the phenyl ring and the presence of solvent of crystallization.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2361-2368 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Takayoshi Yamauchi,
and
Sakae Uemura*
A Prins reaction of styrenes with paraformaldehyde or 1,3,5-trioxane in toluene in the presence of cation-exchanged montmorillonite (Mn+ -mont) at 80 °C produced 4-aryl-1,3-dioxanes selectively in up to 99% isolated yield with a turnover number of up to 5.9×102 .
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=============================
Articles
Applied and Materials
=============================
Copyright (C)
1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2369-2374 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
A comparative study of the mutual separation characteristics was made for the neighboring rare-earth elements La, Ce, Pr, and Nd from their binary chloride mixtures and oxide mixtures using a chemical vapor-transport reaction. Separation factors of up to (A) 21.4 for La : Ce, (B) ⩾ 100 for Pr : Ce, and (C) 1.84 for Pr : Nd were observed from their oxide mixtures, which were larger than from their chloride mixtures.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2375-2381 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
,,
and
Kunihiro Ichimura
Monolayers of an amphiphilic polymer and related low-molecular-mass compounds containing an azobenzene unit were spread on a water surface, and the photoinduced deformation of these films were investigated. Important roles of the hydrophilic head group on the azobenzene packing state and the photomechanical behavior were indicated.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2383-2386 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
and
Yuzuru Takagi
Pd metal catalysts were prepared by the reaction of palladium(II) chloride with sodium aluminate (Type A) or with sodium hydroxide (Type N). The type A catalysts treated at high reduction temperature did not lose activities in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, compared to the catalyst treated at 25 °C. The activities of the type N catalysts decreased with increased reduction temperature.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2387-2394 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
and
Takashi Nakamura
Alkali titanate-based glasses form a bonelike apatite layer in simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma, as shown in the following illustration. This indicates that alkali titanates as well as alkali silicates can be basic components of bioactive materials.
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1996 The Chemical Society of Japan
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.,
69, 2395-2401 (1996) [Vol. 69, No. 8, August, 1996]
Poly(o -aminobenzoic acid) and copolymers of o -aminobenzoic acid and aniline were synthesized as excellent candidates for the precursor of polyaniline by heat treatment. The reaction yield can be dramatically improved by addition of sodium hydroxide.
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